Chapter 4 - Cells and Living Things

4.1 The Cell Theory

cells- "building blocks", basic unit for
          all living things

-350 years ago idea of cells unknown
 
 

-late 1600's
             - Leeuwenhoek:
                > microscope makes
                     "seeing" cells possible
             - Hooke:
                > calls the "little rooms" he sees
                   in a slice of cork cells
-1830's
            - Schleiden
                >observes plant cells
                >states all plants were made
                    up of similar units, or cells
            -Schwann
                >proposed that animals were
                    made up of cells
 
 

-THE CELL THEORY states:

4.2 Parts of the Cell
 
 

CELL ANALOGY:

if, cell                    = small town

then,
cell membrane      = town line

nucleus                 = mayor and
                                city council

mitochondria         = power plant

ribosomes             = highway dept.

endoplasmic
reticulum               = roads

Golgi bodies          = manufacturing

lysosomes             = garbage collectors

vacuoles                = water towers/
                                  food storage
 
 

4.3 Organization of Living Things
 
 

> human body is made up of
   millions of cells

> in many-celled organisms cells have
   to work together

> five main levels of organization:
 

Level	Organization	Some Examples
1	cells	muscle; skin
2	tissues	smooth; skeletal; cardiac
3	organs	heart; liver; lungs
4	organ systems	circulatory; skeletal; respiratory
5	organism	humans; animals

 

END of Chapter 4 NOTES